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Free Michigan Used Car Bill of Sale

Buying a used car in Michigan from a private seller means the transaction is "as-is" by default — no implied warranty applies once you sign the bill of sale and the title. The TR-12 bill of sale records the purchase price, odometer reading, and as-is acknowledgment that protects both sides when the buyer titles the car at an SOS branch within the state's strict 15-day window.

Michigan Requirements: Transfer title within 15 days. 6% sales tax.

Seller Information

Buyer Information

Used Car Details

Sale Information

Condition & Warranty

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Selling a used car as-is? Our private sale checklist walks you through price research, safely screening buyers, and the exact paperwork steps — so nothing slips through and you stay protected from post-sale disputes. Read: Private Car Sale Checklist

Michigan Used Car Bill of Sale — What You Need to Know

Primary Form
Michigan Bill of Sale
Agency
Michigan Secretary of State
Primary ID Field
VIN
Sales Tax
0.06%
Title Required
Yes
Used cars require the seller to assign the existing Michigan title to the buyer. Buyer must title and register at an SOS branch within 15 days. Out-of-state titles require a TR-54 VIN verification by an SOS clerk or law-enforcement officer.
Inspection
Not required

Sales Tax Details

Used vehicle purchases are subject to the 6% Michigan use tax, calculated on the actual purchase price you report on the bill of sale, with no local add-ons.

Exemption: Used cars sold or gifted between spouses, parents, children, siblings, stepchildren, grandparents, or grandchildren are exempt from the 6% use tax with proper relationship documentation at the SOS branch.

Inspection Requirements

No safety inspection and no emissions inspection are required to register a used vehicle in Michigan. The only mandatory check is a VIN verification (TR-54) for vehicles titled out of state, including most used cars purchased across state lines.

Registration

Registration for this vehicle type is handled by Michigan Secretary of State (Michigan SOS) — not the same agency that handles cars in Michigan. Plan for separate filings.

Michigan Used Car Sale — Step-by-Step Checklist

  1. Verify the VIN on the title matches the dashboard plate and door jamb sticker
  2. Confirm the seller's name on the title matches their photo ID
  3. Run a vehicle history report (NMVTIS, Carfax, AutoCheck) for hidden brands
  4. Complete the federal odometer disclosure on the title (vehicles under 20 years old)
  5. Write "AS-IS, no warranty" on the bill of sale to disclaim implied warranties
  6. Both parties sign and keep copies of the bill of sale
  7. Buyer applies for title and registration at SOS within 15 days using Form TR-11L

Common Pitfalls

  • Buying a car with an unsatisfied lien — the lienholder still owns it until released
  • Skipping the odometer disclosure on the Michigan title (mandatory for under-20-year-old vehicles)
  • Not getting "AS-IS" in writing — opens the seller to implied-warranty claims
  • Out-of-state purchases without a planned TR-54 VIN verification before the SOS visit
  • Paying with cash without a signed receipt — disputes become impossible to resolve

Pro Tip

A complete TR-12 bill of sale, an "as-is" disclaimer, and a fast trip to the SOS within 15 days are the three things that turn a used-car handshake into a clean Michigan title.

Michigan Used Car Bill of Sale — FAQs

Is a used car sold "as-is" in Michigan?
Private used-car sales in Michigan are presumed as-is once the title transfers, but the seller can still be liable for fraud if they actively concealed defects or rolled back the odometer. Writing "Sold AS-IS, no express or implied warranty" on the bill of sale and having the buyer initial it removes any implied-warranty argument. Dealers are subject to additional Michigan Used Vehicle Sales rules and cannot disclaim everything, but private sellers have far more latitude.
Do I need a Michigan vehicle history report before buying used?
Michigan does not legally require it, but it is strongly recommended. The state participates in NMVTIS, so a $5 NMVTIS report will reveal title brands like salvage, flood, or rebuilt that might be hidden on a clean-looking title (especially on out-of-state cars rebranded into Michigan). For used cars, also check the Michigan SOS title-status lookup for active liens before exchanging money. A clean Michigan title plus an NMVTIS report covers most concealment risks.
What used car inspections does Michigan require?
For an in-state used car already titled in Michigan, none — no safety inspection, no emissions, no odometer verification beyond what is on the title. For an out-of-state used car you bring in, the SOS requires a TR-54 vehicle inspection (VIN verification) before titling, which any SOS branch employee or law-enforcement officer can perform in a few minutes. Rebuilt-salvage vehicles require a more thorough inspection through a SOS-authorized salvage inspector.
How is sales tax calculated on a used car in Michigan?
Michigan applies a 6% use tax to the actual purchase price you list on the bill of sale, with no local add-ons. The SOS will compare your reported price against the SOS-published market value, and if the gap is large you may be asked to justify the price or pay tax on the higher figure. A $10,000 used car generates $600 in use tax. Family transfers between qualifying relatives (spouse, parent, child, sibling, stepchild, grandparent, grandchild) are exempt with proper documentation.