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Free Minnesota Gun / Firearm Bill of Sale

Minnesota is a moderate-regulation state for firearms: long-gun private sales are largely unregulated at the state level, but handgun and assault-weapon transfers — including private sales — require the buyer to hold a Permit to Purchase or Permit to Carry, or the transfer must run through an FFL. A written bill of sale documenting the firearm, the parties, and the permit relied on is the cleanest way to record a private transfer in this environment.

Minnesota Requirements: Transfer title within 10 days. 6.875% sales tax.

Seller Information

Buyer Information

Gun / Firearm Details

Sale Information

Condition & Warranty

Important: Federal and state laws may require a background check for firearm transfers. This bill of sale does not replace any legal requirements for background checks, waiting periods, or other regulations. Please consult your local laws before completing this transaction.

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Private firearm sales carry more legal requirements than most buyers realize — background check laws, waiting periods, and prohibited-person rules vary widely by state. Our guide explains when a bill of sale is legally required and what it must say. Read: Do I Need a Bill of Sale? →

Minnesota Gun / Firearm Bill of Sale — What You Need to Know

Primary Form
Standard bill of sale
Agency
MN BCA / ATF
Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (Permit to Purchase / Carry); ATF (federal)
Primary ID Field
Serial Number
Sales Tax
Exempt
Title Required
No
Firearms are not titled in Minnesota. The bill of sale, plus any required Permit to Purchase or carry permit and FFL records, document the transfer.
Inspection
Not required

Sales Tax Details

Private firearm sales between Minnesota residents are not subject to MVST. Standard sales-tax treatment applies only to dealer transactions; private-party transfers are generally not sales-tax events at the point of sale.

Inspection Requirements

No firearm inspection requirement. For handgun and assault-weapon private transfers, Minnesota requires the buyer to hold a valid Permit to Purchase or Permit to Carry, or the transfer must go through a federally licensed dealer (FFL) running a background check.

Registration

Registration for this vehicle type is handled by Minnesota does not maintain a general firearms registry. Permits to Purchase and Permits to Carry are issued through local law enforcement and tracked by MN BCA. — not the same agency that handles cars in Minnesota. Plan for separate filings.

Minnesota Gun / Firearm Sale — Step-by-Step Checklist

  1. List make, model, caliber, serial number, and condition of the firearm
  2. For a handgun or assault weapon, verify the buyer's valid Permit to Purchase or Permit to Carry
  3. If neither party has a permit, complete the transfer through a Minnesota FFL with NICS background check
  4. Confirm both parties are Minnesota residents and are not federally prohibited persons
  5. Each party keeps a signed copy of the bill of sale
  6. Comply with safe-storage and reporting rules under Minnesota's 2024 firearm reforms

Common Pitfalls

  • Treating a handgun private sale like a long-gun sale — the permit/FFL requirement is mandatory
  • Accepting an expired Permit to Purchase as proof of eligibility
  • Skipping the FFL when neither buyer nor seller is a permit holder
  • Selling to an out-of-state buyer without an FFL transfer (federal violation)
  • Ignoring Minnesota's 2024 red-flag (extreme-risk protection order) and expanded universal background check rules

Pro Tip

For handguns and assault weapons, verify the buyer's Permit to Purchase or Permit to Carry, or run the transfer through an FFL. Keep the signed bill of sale and permit copy with your records.

Minnesota Gun / Firearm Bill of Sale — FAQs

Do I have to run a background check on a private gun sale in Minnesota?
For handguns and assault weapons, effectively yes. Under Minnesota law as updated by 2024 reforms, private transfers of pistols and assault weapons require the buyer to hold a valid Permit to Purchase or Permit to Carry, or the transfer must take place through a federally licensed dealer (FFL) who runs a NICS background check. This is Minnesota's version of universal background checks for handguns. Long-gun private sales between Minnesota residents are generally not subject to a state background-check requirement, though federal prohibitions still apply.
How does the Permit to Purchase work?
A Minnesota Permit to Purchase is issued by the buyer's local police chief or county sheriff after a background check and is valid for one year. Holding a Permit to Purchase (or a Permit to Carry) lets the buyer acquire handguns and assault weapons from dealers and private parties without an additional point-of-sale background check. Sellers should ask to see and photograph the permit and confirm it is current. Long-gun-only buyers do not need the permit. The bill of sale should reference the permit type and number.
What changed under Minnesota's 2024 firearm reforms?
Minnesota enacted several 2024 reforms, including an Extreme Risk Protection Order ("red flag") law allowing courts to temporarily restrict firearm access for individuals shown to be a danger, and expanded universal background checks for private handgun and assault-weapon transfers. The reforms tightened — but did not eliminate — private-sale paths: long-gun private sales between residents remain lawful without a permit, while handgun and assault-weapon transfers must rely on a Permit to Purchase, Permit to Carry, or an FFL-run background check.
Do I have to register a firearm I bought privately?
No. Minnesota does not maintain a general firearms registry. There is no statewide requirement to register a rifle, shotgun, or handgun with a state agency after a private purchase. The state's permit system tracks who is authorized to acquire and carry handguns and assault weapons, not the firearms themselves. Keep the bill of sale, a copy of the relevant permit, and a record of the serial number in case of theft, loss, or future resale. Federal records remain with the FFL where any prior dealer transfer occurred.

Other Minnesota Templates

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